2014年10月李克强总理在联合国粮农组织的演讲稿全文（中英文）
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依托家庭经营推进农业现代化
Promote Agricultural Modernization Through Family Farming
——在联合国粮农组织的演讲
–Remarks at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强
H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
2014年10月15日，意大利罗马
Rome, 15 October 2014
尊敬的格拉齐亚诺总干事，
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Director-General José Graziano da Silva,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,
很高兴在金秋时节来到联合国粮农组织总部，参加第34个世界粮食日系列活动。刚才，一进粮农组织大楼，我就看到一层大厅墙壁上多种语言镌刻的“Food for All”——人皆有食。这是粮农组织的神圣使命，也是世界各国的共同目标。长期以来，联合国粮农组织与世界粮食计划署、国际农发基金，紧紧围绕这一目标，帮助成员国以多种形式发展农业，为供养世界几十亿人口作出了十分突出的贡献。在此，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对粮农组织等机构、在座的各位和你们的同事所作出的不懈努力表示高度赞赏，对所取得的卓越成就表示诚挚敬意！
It gives me great pleasure to be here at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in this golden autumn season to attend the event for the 34th World Food Day. Upon arriving at the FAO building minutes ago, I saw the multi-lingual inscription – Food for All – in the hall of the first floor. Food for all represents the noble mission of the FAO as well as the common goal of all countries. Over the years, the FAO, the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with a strong commitment to this goal, have helped the member states to develop agriculture in multiple forms, thus making outstanding contribution to feeding the billions of people in our world. Hereby, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, great appreciation to the FAO and other institutions, and to all of you present and your colleagues for your unremitting efforts, and sincere respect for the remarkable achievements you have made.
今年世界粮食日的主题是“家庭农业：供养世界，关爱地球”。我认为这个主题既立足现实，又着眼长远，勾画出了全球农业发展的美好愿景。依靠家庭农业解决吃饭问题，也符合中国的实际。2000多年前中国的先哲说过，“民以食为天”，这也是长久以来中国人所奉行的理念。大家都知道，中国人口多、人均耕地少，让十几亿人民吃饱饭，是我们最大的事情，也曾经是最大的难题。我年轻时在中国农村生活多年，亲身经历过吃不饱饭的艰难岁月。吃一顿饱饭可能很快就会忘记，但饥饿留下的印象永生难忘。30多年前中国实行改革开放，就是从农村改革开始的。我们通过改革实现了农业大发展，粮食产量由3亿多吨增加到6亿多吨，成功解决了人民的温饱问题。这里有一条最基本的经验，就是发展家庭农业。
The theme of this year’s World Food Day is Family Farming: “Feeding the world, caring for the earth”. I think this theme is based on realities and focuses on the future as well, and it charts a bright future of global agricultural development. Ensuring adequate food supply for the people through family farming also suits China’s realities. Over 2,000 years ago, China’s philosophers said, food is the first necessity of the people, and this is also what the Chinese have always believed in. As is known to all, China has a huge population but low per-capita arable land availability. To feed the over one billion Chinese people is our top priority and was once the biggest challenge we had to face. When I was young, I lived in China’s rural areas for some years, and personally experienced the hard time of not having enough food. A big meal that I had might be easily forgotten, but the feeling of hunger left me a lifelong impression. In fact, China’s reform and opening-up that began over 30 years ago was launched from rural areas. Since then, we have been able to achieve great agricultural development through reform and China’s grain output has increased from over 300 million tons to over 600 million tons, successfully resolving the subsistence issue of the people. And a piece of most fundamental experience we got was to develop family farming.
上世纪80年代初的农村改革，最主要的就是推行家庭承包经营制度。这项改革，把农户确立为农业经营的主体，赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权和经营自主权，几亿农民的生产积极性迅速调动起来，每个人的力量都得到充分发挥，短短几年农业生产就迈上一个大台阶。在此基础上，几亿人摆脱了贫困，并提前达到联合国千年发展目标。近十年，中国粮食连续增产，今年又丰收在望。这些成绩的取得，家庭农业功不可没。
In rural reforms that started in the early 1980s, the most important part was to promote the household contract system. Through this reform, rural households became the mainstay of farming and farmers were given long-term and guaranteed land use right and operational independence, thus rapidly unleashing the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers for production and giving scope to the capabilities of individual farmers. As a result, agricultural production made huge headway in just a few years. Building on that, hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty and the UN Millennium Development Goals have been reached ahead of schedule. In the recent decade, China has enjoyed continuous increase in grain output, with yet another bumper harvest to be expected this year. Without family farming, these achievements would not have been possible.
30多年来，中国家庭农业能够不断焕发出新的活力，也与科技、政策等创新密不可分。我们建立了一整套农业科技推广体系，大面积推广优良品种、农业机械，推广设施农业。仅杂交水稻一项，每年就带来数千万吨的增产。我们大力鼓励农民合作社、专业农户、企业公司以及政府服务组织等，为农民提供农业机械作业、农产品加工流通等服务。每年都有数十万台农业机械像候鸟一样，在中国大地上往返迁徙。当小麦成熟的时候，大批联合收割机一路由南往北，追赶着季节，为农民提供小麦收割服务，既解决了农民家庭机械作业的难题，也提高了农业机械的使用效率。中国政府还不断增加农业投入，支持建设农业基础设施、改善生产条件，农田有效灌溉率已提高到50%以上，农业抗灾能力不断增强。
We also owe the constant new vigor in China’s family farming over the past 30-plus years to innovation in science, technology and relevant policies. We have established a whole system for disseminating agricultural science and technology and extensively promoted quality varieties, agricultural machinery as well as controlled-environment agriculture. Hybrid rice alone has increased annual output by tens of millions of tons in China. We greatly encourage farmers’ cooperatives, specialized farming households, businesses and government service organizations to provide farmers with services in terms of agricultural machinery and the processing and distribution of agricultural produce. Every year, hundreds of thousands of agricultural machines are taken to different parts of China to serve agricultural seasons, like birds that migrate back and forth with the seasons. When wheat ripens, an army of combined harvesters would advance from the south to the north of China, helping farmers with wheat harvesting. This not only provides much-needed agricultural machinery to rural households, but also helps raise efficiency in the use of farming machines. The Chinese government is still increasing input in agriculture to support agricultural infrastructure and improve production conditions. For instance, the effective irrigation rate of farmland in China has been raised to over 50% and China’s agriculture is now more resilient to disasters.
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